The following problems should be paid attention to when processing and preparing pig feed:

(一)科学配合猪饲料，须注意处理好如下关系：

（1） In order to scientifically prepare pig feed, we should pay attention to the following relations:

1.多样、合理，保证营养。在喂猪的青、粗、精三类饲料中，青料含水分多，体积大，易消化，适口性好，并含有多种维生素、矿物质和质量好的蛋白质；粗料体积大，粗纤维含量较高，配合合理，可增加饲料与消化液的接触面，并有通便作用，会使猪有饱胀感，但难以消化；精料的特点是体积小，营养价值较高，易消化，但矿物质、维生素较缺乏。

1. Diverse and reasonable to ensure comprehensive nutrition. Among the green, coarse and refined feeds for pigs, the green fodder contains more moisture, has large volume, is easy to digest, has good palatability, and contains a variety of vitamins, minerals and high-quality protein; the coarse feed has a large volume, high crude fiber content, reasonable combination, can increase the contact surface between feed and digestive fluid, and has a cathartic effect, which makes pigs feel full but difficult to digest. The characteristics of concentrate are as follows Small size, high nutritional value, easy to digest, but lack of minerals and vitamins.

2.注意日粮体积与猪采食量的关系。衡量饲料体积大小可用饲料风干物含量计算。按猪每100千克体重每日需饲料风干物2.5～4.5千克计算，青、粗、精三种饲料的比例大体按风干物5∶3∶2安排，1头150千克体重的怀孕母猪，每天需饲料风干物以5千克计算，则2.5千克风干物来自青料(青料6千克得风干物1千克，则需青料15千克)；1.5千克风干物来自粗料；1千克来自精料。

2. Pay attention to the relationship between ration volume and pig feed intake. The volume of feed can be measured by the content of air dried feed. According to the daily requirement of 2.5-4.5kg/100kg body weight of pigs, the proportion of green, coarse and refined feed is roughly arranged according to 5:3:2 of air dried matter. If a pregnant sow with a weight of 150 kg needs 5 kg of air-dried feed per day, 2.5kg of air-dried matter comes from green feed (15kg of air-dried material is obtained from 6kg of green fodder), and 1.5kg of air-dried matter is from coarse feed ; 1 kg from concentrate.

3.配合饲料适口性好，容易消化。配合饲料中，如含能量和蛋白质较高，含粗纤维少，则适口性好，容易消化；相反，含能量和蛋白质少，含粗纤维多，则适口性差，难以消化。在配合猪饲料时，宜多采用青饲料，少用粗饲料，并且配合的粗饲料品质要好。

3. The compound feed is palatable and easy to digest. In the formulated feed, if it contains more energy and protein and less crude fiber, it is palatable and easy to digest; on the contrary, if it contains less energy and protein and more crude fiber, it has poor palatability and is difficult to digest. In the preparation of pig feed, we should use more green feed and less roughage, and the quality of the formulated roughage is better.

4.根据不同猪群，选用不同类型的日粮。一般来说，仔猪、种公猪、催肥阶段的育肥猪，可选用精料型，即精料可占日粮总重的50%以上；繁殖母猪、后备母猪可选用青料型，即青饲料可占日粮总重的50%以上；架子猪可选用糠麸型，即糠麸类饲料可占日粮总重的50%以上。

4. Select different types of diets according to different pig groups. Generally speaking, the concentrate type can be selected for piglets, breeding boars and fattening pigs at fattening stage, that is, concentrate can account for more than 50% of the total diet weight; green feed type can be selected for breeding sows and reserve sows, that is, green feed can account for more than 50% of the total diet weight; bran type diet can be selected for frame pigs, that is, bran type feed can account for more than 50% of the total diet weight.

猪预混料

Pig premix

(二)日常应用时要注意如下几个问题：

（2） Attention should be paid to the following problems in daily application:

1.饲料要尽量进行精细加工，严防发霉、变质；鱼粉要尽量少用，以降低饲养成本；菜籽饼、棉籽饼要做好去毒处理，饲喂怀孕母猪时要严格控制用量，一般不超过饲料总量的5%；应用青绿多汁饲料饲喂公猪时不可过多，否则容易形成“草腹”，影响配种能力，饲喂空怀母猪时，大量应用青绿多汁饲料可以促进发情。

In addition, it is necessary to control the amount of feed with more than 1% cottonseed meal to prevent the pig from spoilage When the sows are empty, a large amount of green and juicy feed can promote oestrus.

2.用于土种猪、二元杂交猪时，可以适当减少玉米、豆饼(粕)比例，用次粉、米糠等代替一部分玉米，用菜籽饼(粕)、棉籽饼(粕)等代替一部分豆粕。

2. When it is used for native pig and binary hybrid pig, the proportion of corn and soybean cake (meal) can be appropriately reduced, some corn can be replaced by inferior flour and rice bran, and some soybean meal can be replaced by rapeseed meal (meal), cottonseed meal (meal).

3.应注意根据季节的不同来调整饲料比例。冬季应增加玉米等能量饲料的比例，适当降低豆饼(粕)等蛋白饲料比例，但粗蛋白下降不要超过15个百分点；夏季由于采食量下降，应减少玉米等能量饲料比例，并适当提高钙的含量。

3. Pay attention to adjust feed proportion according to different seasons. In winter, the proportion of energy feed such as corn should be increased, and the proportion of protein feed such as soybean meal (meal) should be appropriately reduced, but the decrease of crude protein should not exceed 15 percentage points; in summer, due to the decrease of feed intake, the proportion of energy feed such as corn should be reduced and the content of calcium should be appropriately increased.

4.叶菜类饲料不宜闷煮，否则易引起亚硝酸盐中毒；嫩玉米苗、高粱苗不宜喂猪，否则，易引起氢氰酸中毒；马铃薯芽及其新鲜茎叶不宜喂猪，否则，易引起龙葵素中毒；另外，要控制食盐、酒糟的喂量，防止引起食盐中毒、酒糟中毒。

4. Leafy vegetable feed should not be boiled, otherwise it is easy to cause nitrite poisoning; tender corn seedlings and sorghum seedlings should not be fed to pigs, otherwise, it is easy to cause hydrocyanic acid poisoning; potato sprouts and their fresh stems and leaves should not be fed to pigs, otherwise, it is easy to cause solanine poisoning; in addition, the feeding amount of salt and distiller's grains should be controlled to prevent salt poisoning and distiller's grains poisoning.