母猪料的料型目前主要有三种，粉状料，液体饲料和颗粒料。粉状料又可分为用户自配的粗粉料(简单混合料)和商用细粉料两种。液体饲料则是欧洲近十年来兴起的一种饲料形式。

At present, there are three types of sows feed: powder feed, liquid feed and pellet feed. Powder can be divided into two kinds: coarse powder (simple mixture) and commercial fine powder. In the past decade, liquid feed has emerged in European countries.

目的是为了减少抗生素使用和提高母猪的福利;随着近年来玉米的大幅攀升，部分客户意识到自配料与配合料成本相差无几的情况下对配合颗料料的需求急剧增加，故而饲料厂开发以应对市场变化。但是对颗粒料的使用，一直存在争议，现结合母猪营养生理及生产实践中出现问题，加以剖析，欢迎各位同行拍砖。

The purpose is to reduce the use of antibiotics and improve the welfare of sows; with the sharp rise of corn prices in recent years, some customers realize that the demand for pellet feed is increasing rapidly when the cost of self compounding is almost the same as that of batch feed, so feed factories are developing to cope with market changes. However, the use of granular material has always been controversial. This paper analyzes the problems in sow nutrition, physiology and production practice, and welcomes colleagues to make bricks.

1 母猪对粉状料的采食量比颗粒料的采食量大

1. The feed intake of sows fed with powder feed was higher than that fed with pellet feed

这个事实背后的原因主要是母猪有着发达的牙齿、灵活的舌头和硕大的口腔，粉状料对其味觉、嗅觉的刺激使得头期消化液的分泌较颗粒料量大。唾液淀粉酶对粉料的作用也较颗粒料更为迅速。

The main reason behind this fact is that sows have developed teeth, flexible tongue and huge mouth. The stimulation of powder to their taste and smell makes the secretion of digestive juice in the first stage larger than that of granule. The effect of salivary amylase on powder was more rapid than that on granule.

因此母猪对粉状料的食欲更强。在野生状态下，母猪的食物范围相当广泛，包括块根块茎类、青绿饲料、谷物籽实、小动物等，成熟的谷物籽实很硬，所以颗粒状的食物并不是母猪。并且，猪有抢食的习惯，一次大量进食颗粒料的后果很严重：未经充分咀嚼的颗料在消化道存留的时间很长，头期消化液分泌不足也导致消化道蠕动减缓。特别是在围产期，母猪食欲下降和便秘的出现就成了必然。

Therefore, sows have a stronger appetite for powder. In the wild, sows have a wide range of food, including tubers, green fodder, grain seeds, small animals and so on. Mature grain seeds are very hard, so granular food is not the first choice for sows. Moreover, pigs have the habit of rushing to eat, and the consequences of eating a large amount of pellets at a time are very serious: the pellets that have not been fully chewed remain in the digestive tract for a long time, and the insufficient secretion of digestive juice in the first stage also leads to the slow down of gastrointestinal peristalsis. Especially in the perinatal period, the loss of appetite and constipation become inevitable.

2 粉状料较颗粒更“新鲜”

2. Powder is fresher than particle

众所周知，粉状料不易保存，在北方，夏季库存时间也不能超过15天，因其开包后与空气中的氧气接触面积更大，更易被氧化;而颗粒料则不同，经过挤压之后与空气接触面积减小，因而可放置更长时间。就现场应用效果来说，3天以内生产的粉状料更有优势(中间环节越少，对母猪来说越好)。

As we all know, powdery materials are not easy to preserve, and in the north, the storage time in summer can not exceed 15 days, because the contact area with oxygen in the air is larger after unpacking, and it is easier to be oxidized; while granular materials are different, the contact area with air is reduced after extrusion, so they can be stored for a longer time. In terms of field application effect, the powder produced within 3 days has more advantages (the less intermediate links, the better for sows).