At present, there are three kinds of feed types for sows: powder feed, liquid feed and pellet feed. Powder materials can be divided into two types: coarse powder (simple mixture) and commercial fine powder. Sows with powder or pellet feed, which cost-effective? In this paper, the problems of sow nutrition physiology and production practice are analyzed.

母猪用粉料还是颗粒料好，哪个性价比高？

Sows with powder or pellet feed, which cost-effective?

1、母猪对粉状料的采食量比颗粒料的采食量大

1. The feed intake of sows on powdery feed was higher than that on pellet feed

这个事实背后的原因主要是母猪有着发达的牙齿、灵活的舌头和硕大的口腔，粉状料对其味觉、嗅觉的刺激使得头期消化液的分泌较颗粒料量大。唾液淀粉酶对粉料的作用也较颗粒料更为迅速。

The main reason behind this fact is that sows have developed teeth, flexible tongue and large mouth. The stimulation of taste and smell by powdery materials makes the secretion of digestive juice in the first stage more than that of granular materials. The effect of salivary amylase on powder was more rapid than that of granular material.

因此母猪对粉状料的食欲更强。在野生状态下，母猪的食物范围相当广泛，包括块根块茎类、青绿饲料、谷物籽实、小动物等，成熟的谷物籽实很硬，所以颗粒状的食物并不是母猪。并且，猪有抢食的习惯，一次大量进食颗粒料的后果很严重：未经充分咀嚼的颗料在消化道存留的时间很长，头期消化液分泌不足也导致消化道蠕动减缓。特别是在围产期，母猪食欲下降和便秘的出现就成了必然。

Therefore, sows have a stronger appetite for powdery materials. In the wild, sows have a wide range of food, including tubers and tubers, green feed, grain seeds, small animals, etc. mature grain seeds are very hard, so granular food is not the first choice for sows. In addition, pigs have the habit of grabbing food, and the consequences of eating a large amount of granular materials at a time are very serious: the grains that are not fully chewed remain in the digestive tract for a long time, and the insufficient secretion of digestive juice in the first stage also leads to the slowing down of gastrointestinal peristalsis. Especially in the perinatal period, the loss of appetite and constipation of sows become inevitable.

2、粉状料较颗粒更“新鲜”

2. Powder is more "fresh" than particles

众所周知，粉状料不易保存，在北方，夏季库存时间也不能超过15天，因其开包后与空气中的氧气接触面积更大，更易被氧化;而颗粒料则不同，经过挤压之后与空气接触面积减小，因而可放置更长时间。就现场应用效果来说，3天以内生产的粉状料更有优势(中间环节越少，对母猪来说越好)。

As we all know, powdery materials are not easy to be preserved. In the north, the storage time in summer can not exceed 15 days, because the contact area between powder materials and oxygen in the air is larger after unpacking, and it is easier to be oxidized; but the granular materials are different. After extrusion, the contact area with air is reduced, so it can be stored for a longer time. In terms of field application effect, the powder produced within 3 days is more advantageous (the less intermediate links, the better for sows).

3、粉状料较颗粒料适应性更强

3. The adaptability of powder material is stronger than that of granular material

对于育肥猪，物料粉得越细，消化率越高，在保证其不得消化道溃疡的前提下，2.0-3.0毫米的微粒。母猪则不同，尤其是3胎以内的母猪，其饲料既然保证其一定的瘦肉生长速度，还要锻炼其胃肠功能，使得其高产仔率的遗传优势得以发挥。

For fattening pigs, the finer the material powder is, the higher the digestibility is. On the premise of no peptic ulcer, 2.0-3.0 mm particles are most popular. Sows are different, especially for sows within three fetuses. Since their feed can ensure the growth rate of lean meat and exercise their gastrointestinal function, the genetic advantage of high litter rate can be brought into play.