We all know that there is a shelf life for feed. Generally, the shelf life of feed is 6 months. Different products have different shelf life in different seasons. Therefore, we should observe the shelf life of feed before using feed. If the expired feed is used, it will lead to livestock poisoning and even death; at the same time, the growth of mold in pig feed will consume the nutrition and energy in the feed, reduce and destroy the vitamin, protein and amino acid in the feed, and a very small amount of mold can also damage the flavor of feed, produce putrid odor, and have adverse consequences on animal health. So what's the danger of using expired feeds?

过期饲料的主要危害有:

The main hazards of expired feed are as follows:

(1)有害微生物和霉菌毒素水平过高会对动物健康产生影响:

(1) High levels of harmful microorganisms and mycotoxins can affect animal health

过期饲料中常见的问题是霉菌，主要由黄曲霉、赭石曲霉、禾本科镰刀菌和青霉引起。霉菌在生长繁殖过程中会产生大量毒素，主要包括黄曲霉毒素、赭曲霉毒素、forma毒素和呕吐毒素。食用后，动物的生产性能会下降，这将在很多方面对动物造成伤害，甚导致严重的死亡。例如黄曲霉毒素是一种剧毒物质，对动物肝脏有很强的破坏作用。霉变的症状因饲料的霉变程度、食用动物的多少和食用时间长短而不同，轻的人出现肠胃炎、拉肚子、怀孕的雌性动物流产，重的人出现神经症状甚死亡。

Mold is the common problem in expired feed, mainly caused by Aspergillus flavus, Aspergillus ochraceus, Fusarium graminearum and Penicillium. During the growth and reproduction of mold, a large number of toxins are produced, including aflatoxin, ochratoxin, forma toxin and vomit toxin. After eating, the production performance of animals will decline, which will cause harm to animals in many aspects, even lead to serious death. For example, aflatoxin is a highly toxic substance, which has a strong destructive effect on animal liver. The symptoms of mildewing vary with the degree of mildewed feed, the number of edible animals and the length of time consumed. Mild people suffer from gastroenteritis, diarrhea, and miscarriage of pregnant female animals. Severe people have neurological symptoms and even death.

(2)过期的饲料会造成营养价值的损失和风味的变质:

(2) Expired feed will cause the loss of nutritional value and flavor deterioration

饲料过期发霉，不仅会导致霉菌产生大量代谢毒素，霉菌在繁殖过程中还会消耗、分解饲料中的营养物质，使饲料质量下降。在高温高湿条件下，还能刺激脂肪酶、淀粉酶、蛋白酶等水解酶的活性。在霉菌、饲料酶等因素的协同作用下，可加快饲料中营养物质的分解速度，严重降低营养价值。例如，一些霉菌可以显著降低受感染谷物中维生素B、维生素E或某些氨基酸的含量。过期发霉饲料还可使感官性状恶化，如刺激性气味、酸味、色差、粘稠污物等，严重影响适口性。

Moldy feed will not only lead to a large number of metabolic toxins produced by mold, but also consume and decompose nutrients in feed in the process of reproduction, resulting in the decline of feed quality. Under the condition of high temperature and humidity, it can stimulate the activities of lipase, amylase, protease and other hydrolases. Under the synergistic action of mold and feed enzyme, the decomposition rate of nutrients in feed can be accelerated and the nutritional value can be seriously reduced. For example, some molds can significantly reduce the content of vitamin B, vitamin E or some amino acids in infected grains. Expired moldy feed can also worsen sensory properties, such as pungent odor, sour taste, color difference, viscous dirt, etc., which seriously affects palatability.

此外，如果饲料中含有油脂，过期的饲料由于季节、温度等原因，容易引起饲料中油脂发臭。饲养这些饲料会给畜禽造成应激，而腐臭或过期的饲料中含有一些有机酸、游离酸等小分子物质，会刺激畜禽神经系统引起兴奋，从而产生跳跃或不睡觉的不良反应。

In addition, if there is oil in the feed, the expired feed will easily stink due to season, temperature and other reasons. Feeding these feeds will cause stress to livestock and poultry, and putrid or expired feed contains some small molecular substances such as organic acids and free acids, which can stimulate the nervous system of livestock and poultry, and cause excitations, thus causing adverse reactions of jumping or not sleeping.

过期饲料有许多危害，因此农民必须高度重视，决不要声称使用过期饲料。在饲养过程中，应根据养殖动物的数量和采食量合理购买和妥善保存饲料，避免在饲养过程中发霉，避免过期浪费饲料。

There are many hazards of expired feed, so farmers must attach great importance to it and never claim to use expired feed. In the feeding process, feed should be reasonably purchased and properly preserved according to the number and feed intake of the breeding animals, so as to avoid mildew in the feeding process and waste feed after expiration.